As General Secretary of the South African Council of Churches (1978-1985), Desmond Tutu led a formidable campaign to resolve the problems of apartheid in South Africa. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 in recognition for his 'non-violent struggle for liberation.' In 1986 he was elected Archbishop of Cape Town where he remained until 1996. He was then appointed by President Nelson Mandela to chair the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the body set up to probe human rights violations under apartheid.